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The fallacy of the single cause, also known as complex cause, causal oversimplification,cite-ref-1[1] causal reductionism, root cause fallacy, and reduction fallacy,cite-ref-causal-reductionism-2-0[2] is an informal fallacy of questionable cause that occurs when it is assumed that there is a single, simple cause of an outcome when in reality it may have been caused by a number of only jointly sufficient causes.

Fallacy of the single cause can be logically reduced to: "X caused Y; therefore, X was the only cause of Y" (although A,B,C...etc. also contributed to Y.)cite-ref-causal-reductionism-2-1[2]

Causal oversimplification is a specific kind of false dilemma where conjoint possibilities are ignored. In other words, the possible causes are assumed to be "A xor B xor C" when "A and B and C" or "A and B and not C" (etc.) are not taken into consideration; i.e. the "or" is not exclusive.

• See also

• References

• List of cognitive biases

• List of fallacies

• Formal fallacy, also known as non sequitur (logic) – Faulty deductive reasoning due to a logical flaw

• Affirming a disjunct – Formal fallacy

• Fallacy of composition – Fallacy of inferring on the whole from a part

• Proximate and ultimate causation – Event that is closest to, or immediately responsible for causing, some observed result

• Spurious relationship – Apparent, but false, correlation between causally-independent variables

• Overdetermination – When a single effect has multiple sufficient causes

• Jumping to conclusions – Psychological term

• Essentialism – View that entities have identifying attributes, which can be confused for causes

cite-note-11. ↑ "R. Paul Wilson On: The Oversimplification Fallacy". Casino.org. Retrieved 25 March 2022.

cite-note-causal-reductionism-22. ↑ "Causal Reductionism". Retrieved 6 October 2012.